MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA type-c) is a 16-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide discovered in 2015. It functions as an "exercise mimetic" that regulates metabolic homeostasis. MOTS-c is unique among peptides: - Encoded by the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene - Functions as a "mitokine" or mitochondrial hormone - Represents mitochondrial-nuclear communication MOTS-c acts on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the cells metabolic master switch: - Promotes glucose utilization - Enhances fatty acid oxidation - Improves insulin sensitivity During metabolic stress, MOTS-c: - Translocates to the nucleus - Regulates nuclear gene expression for metabolic adaptation - Coordinates cellular response to energy demands Research shows MOTS-c: - Blocks myostatin (muscle growth inhibitor) - Reduces muscle atrophy signaling - Maintains muscle mass during metabolic stress Studies demonstrate: - 11.9-fold increase in skeletal muscle MOTS-c after exercise - Elev
MOTS-c: Mitochondrial Peptide Research Guide
A guide to MOTS-c, the mitochondrial-derived peptide studied as an exercise mimetic for metabolic regulation.